Rickettsia, which is duly placed in the order Rickettsiales and family Rickettsiaceae of the αlpha-proteobacteria ; whereas, Coxiella is shown in the order Legionellales and family Coxiellaceae of the γ-proteobacteria. Based upon their close and intimate similarity in the ‘life-style’, despite their apparent ‘phylogenetic distance’, these two genera shall be discussed together.
Salient Features : The salient-features of Rickettsia and Coxiella are as enumerated under:
(1) The bacteria belonging to these two genera are found to be rod-shaped, coccoid, or pleomorphic having typical Gram-negative walls and devoid of any flagella; however, their actual size usually varies but they tend to be relatively very small. Read the rest of this entry »
The kingdom of organisms that essentially includes yeast, molds, and mushrooms, is termed as fungi. It has been duly observed and amply demonstrated that fungi invariably grow as single cells, as in yeast, or as multicellular filamentous colonies, as in molds and mushrooms.
Interestingly, fungi do not contain chlorophyll (i.e., the nature’s organic green matter), hence they are saprophytic (i.e., they obtian food from dead organic matter) or parasitic (i.e., they obtain nourishment from the living organisms), and above all the body’s normal flora categorically contains several fungi. However, most fungi
are not pathogenic in nature.
Read the rest of this entry »
Irrespective of the very nature and complexity of an organism, the cell designates the fundamental
structural unit of life. In other words, all living cells are basically similar. The ‘cell theory’ i.e., the concept of the cell as the structural unit of life, was duly put forward by Schleiden and Schwann. In short, all biological systems essentially have the following characteristic features in common, namely :
(1) ability for reproduction,
(2) ability to assimilate or ingest food substances, and subsequently metabolize them for energy and growth,
(3) ability to excrete waste products,
(4) ability to react to unavoidable alterations in their environment — usually known as irritability,
(5) susceptibility to mutation.
Read the rest of this entry »
Healthiness improvement is something that people been looking for, either its for living well or live longer, both of them require constant efforts. Activities such as sport like hitting the gym regularly, or on a tight diet program could maintain your healthiness.
Healthiness is not just belong to young people, but also belong to elder, diet programs are not something you could do as you want, it is necessary to consult to your medical consultant about your condition before it.
Read the rest of this entry »